have to/have got to

Assunto novo gente, desculpem a demora... mas estou aqui pra iniciar um assunto sobre o uso de have to/ have got to. E como é de costume vou iniciar escrevendo um texto, que por sinal achei interessante, um diálogo entre duas pessoas, falando sobre um livro "Visions" de um cientista. Vamos lá!!

Life in the 21st century

A So what's the name of that book you were reading? Is it any good?

B Yeah, it is. It's called Visions, by a scientist named Michio Kaku. It's about the ways that science will change how we live in this century.

A Cool. So, what's going to change?

B Lots of stuff. For instance, computers will be much smaller and cheaper.

A Cheaper is good.

B Oh, yeah! And he says that computer will beeverywhere, like in the furniture, in the walls , in eyeglasses, in our cothes... You'll be able to wear a tiny little computer in your tie.

A But I don't have a tie.

B Well, you could wear it in your scarf! And computer in the future-get this- they will understand your voice! And he says that the internet will be free, and... Oh Yeah... and most people will have robots in their homes that understand speech too.

A Will the robots talk?

B Sure. They'll talk, listen, think... everything.

A Sounds weird. Hey, maybe you could get a robot girlfriend.

B Hey! Anyway, scientist will understand everything about our DNA. They'll have a map of all the human genes, about 100,000 of them, and then they'll be able to predict diseases before we get them.

A Is that good?

B Well, if they know you're likely to get a certain disease, they'll be able to fix your genes before you even get sick. And if you get sick, they'll be ableto produce medicines just for you because they know your personal DNA.

A Cool! What else is going to happen?

B Well, scientists will grow organs-new livers, kidneys, hearts, and lungs.

A Whoa!

B Yeah! and people will live until about 130 or 150.

A 150? Sounds freaky!

B And we'll use new forms of energy, like solar energy, from the sun.

A Don't we already have that?

B Yeah, but it's expensive. If solar energy gets cheaper and easier to use, then everyone will use it, so we'll have less pollution. We'll also have efficient cars that use both eletricity and gas at the same time. I fact, someday cars won't use gas at all.

A Great. My car won't run out of gas anymore. What else is going to happen?

B People will travel to other planets. There may even be time travel some day.

A Wow, this is really interesting. Can I borrow that book?

Have to/Have got to

Form

Has/have+ to+infinitive

Affirmative and negative

I

We Have to/don't have work hard.

You

They

_______________________________________

He\/

She\/

It- has/doesn't have/have to work hard?

Short answer

Do you have to wear a uniform ? Yes I do.

Does he have to go now? No. He doesn't.

Note

The past tense of have to is had to, with did and didn't it the question and negative.

I had to get up early this morning.

Why did you have to work last weekend?

They liked the hotel because they didn't have to do any cooking.

1. Have to expresses a general obligation. The obligation comes from "outside" - perhaps a law, a rule at school or work, or someone in authority.

You have to have a drive's license if you want to drive a car.

(That's the law)

I have to start work at 8:00. (My company says I must)

2. Have got to can be used to express a specific obligation. This is something that must be done "right now".

It is 10:00. I've got to leave.

3. Don't/doesn't have to expresses absence of obligation (it isn't necessary).

You don't have to wash the dishes. I have a dishwasher.

She doesn't have to work on monday. It is her day off.

Isso é tudo por hoje, comentem o assunto que quiser que eu procuro e post bem explicadinho!

Bjokas ;)